Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

Foot and Mouth Disease FMD caused by Aphthovirus from the Picornaviridae family can infect animals such as buffaloes, cows, deer, goats, sheep, pigs, deer and animals with a cloven hoof. The species FMD virus consists of seven immunologically distinct serotypes named O, A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3. SAT short form for South African Territories (SAT). 

FMD  very easy to spread (morbidity up to 100%) and can cause loss which is high in the livestock industry. Infections in animals without immunity can be serious and cause death among young animals. The vaccine for a particular serotype does not protect the livestock from being infected by another virus serotype. 

The incidence of FMD virus incubation period from 2 to 8 days. The clinical signs of the disease include lumps, saliva, drunken dysfunction, sharpening of the nails, vesicles on the surface of the tongue, gums, lips, mouth and nipple.

Clinical signs
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
- Foamy saliva and stringed
- Lesions vesicle, blistered and scabby on the nose, gums, lips, tongue and gums
- Lame, scabby lesions around the toenails interrupted and specimen
- Liquid 'vesicle' and epithelia tissue of the tongue and feet.
 
Control and Prevention
- Vaccination
- Farm Biosecurity
- Control of movement
- Control slaughter